ISTP-TL (Virtuoso Anxious Light) Love & Career Guide

Have you ever been told by someone that they wish you would “express your emotions more”?
Or have you noticed yourself staying calm and dealing with problems logically while everyone around you gets emotional?
If so, you might be an ISTP-TL.

People of this type approach problems like skilled craftsmen.
You probably feel deeply fulfilled when working with your hands to repair something or solving challenges logically.
You have a strong sense of justice within you and cannot overlook injustice.
But at the same time, you may also struggle with “not being able to express your feelings well.”

Would you like to explore your complex and profound inner self together in this article?
I’m sure there will be moments when you feel “this is about me.”

Once again, personality researcher and author of Villain Encyclopedia, Tokiwa (@etokiwa999), will provide the explanation.
※We have developed the HEXACO-JP Personality Assessment! It has more scientific basis than MBTI. Tap below for details.

Overview of HEXACO

What is HEXACO

A recently notable personality analysis method is “HEXACO.”
It’s a new approach that captures human personality through six dimensions.
It’s named after the six letters H・E・X・A・C・O.
Each represents an important aspect of personality.

Let me introduce the six elements:

• H: Honesty-Humility
• E: Emotionality
• X: eXtraversion
• A: Agreeableness
• C: Conscientiousness
• O: Openness

This analytical method allows you to understand your complex personality more accurately.
The distinctive feature is the addition of the “honesty-humility” element, which was often overlooked in conventional methods.
This makes it possible to capture human diversity more deeply.
It will surely bring new discoveries to your understanding of yourself.

What is HEXACO? Overview, Genetics, Diagnosis & MBTI Relations

64 Classifications by HEXACO

We classify into 64 types based on high and low levels of each of the six elements. Specifically, they are as follows.

• H: Honesty-Humility
  • High → Light (L: Light)
  • Low → Dark (D: Dark)
• E: Emotionality
  • High → Turbulent (T: Turbulence)
  • Low → Assertive (A: Assertiveness)
• X: eXtraversion
  • High → Extroverted (E: Extrovert)
  • Low → Introverted (I: Introvert)
• A: Agreeableness
  • High → Feeling (F: Feeling)
  • Low → Thinking (T: Thinking)
• C: Conscientiousness
  • High → (J: Judging)
  • Low → (P: Prospecting)
• O: Openness
  • High → Intuitive (N: iNtuitive)
  • Low → Sensing (S: Sensor)

These are connected like 16personalities to express types. Now let’s introduce the various types!

What is ISTP-T (Virtuoso・Cautious Type)?

ISTP-T is a type with low extraversion (I), low openness (S), low agreeableness (T), low conscientiousness (P), and high neuroticism (T) in the Big Five. Characteristics:

• High problem-solving ability and adaptability
• Self-doubt and perfectionism
• Interest in practical skills
• Anxiety about social expectations
• Internal conflict and desire for growth

They excel at finding creative solutions to specific problems, but may also question their own abilities and decisions.

They focus on the present moment and value practical experience, but also harbor anxieties about long-term outcomes. In interpersonal relationships, they value personal space but may feel anxious about social interactions.

While they welcome change and new challenges, they also fear failure. This internal conflict becomes the driving force for continuous self-improvement.

ISTP-T (Virtuoso-Turbulent) Explained by 20+ Studies

Characteristics of ISTP-TL

Characteristic ①: “Cautious Problem Solver”

Don’t you maintain calmness when facing difficult situations while everyone around you panics?
ISTP-TL individuals see through to the core of problems like skilled surgeons.
However, they also tend to repeatedly question themselves, wondering “Is this really okay?”
You probably have experienced worrying “Shouldn’t I think more carefully?”
But in reality, this cautiousness is your hidden strength.

Your problem-solving style has these characteristics:
・Analyze data carefully before taking action
・Find solutions while actually working hands-on
・Anticipate risks of failure in advance

Others might sometimes feel you’re “slow to make decisions.”
But your cautiousness is a valuable shield that prevents serious mistakes.
Moreover, you try to make the best choices from a moral perspective as well.
This is likely why you are trusted.

As a result, you provide the value of “reliability” to those around you.

Characteristic ②: “Ethical Independent”

Have you ever felt uncomfortable acting based solely on the reason “because everyone else is doing it”?
You have an inner compass that others cannot see.
It might sometimes make you feel lonely.
You’ve probably experienced hesitating to speak up while having doubts about the majority opinion in meetings.
But that independent thinking is your greatest asset.

Here’s what happens inside you:
・You judge things by your own value standards
・You deeply respect others’ freedom and rights
・You have strength that isn’t swayed by trends or social pressure

Certainly, this trait might sometimes be difficult to understand.
You might be misunderstood as “lacking cooperativeness.”
But in reality, you are a truly fair and honest person.
You’re just not good at expressing those feelings.

Ultimately, your sincerity will surely be communicated to people and earn their trust.

Characteristic ③: “Difficulty with Emotional Expression”

Have you ever been at a loss for words when told “Please tell me more about your feelings”?
Your inner self is actually filled with rich emotions.
But the task of converting them into appropriate words feels as difficult as translating a foreign language.
You’ve probably felt frustrated when asked “How was it?” by a friend after watching a moving film and could only say “It was good.”
This isn’t because you lack emotions, but simply because you don’t know how to express them.

You struggle with emotional expression in situations like these:
・Expressing love in words
・Situations where you should comfort someone
・When opening up about your anxieties and worries

On the other hand, you genuinely wish to value the other person’s emotions.
This gap might create additional pressure sometimes.
But don’t worry. Emotional expression is a skill. You can improve through practice.
Most importantly, your actions themselves often serve as expressions of love.

Improving emotional expression will be the key to enriching your human relationships.

Strengths and Weaknesses of ISTP-TL

Strengths of ISTP-TL

Have you ever been called “someone you can rely on” in crisis situations?
That’s not by chance.
You have a natural talent for organizing chaotic situations and finding accurate solutions.
Like a navigator who can find the right path even in fog.
This ability is a valuable skill that many people admire.

Let’s look at your hidden strengths:
・You can organize complex problems simply
・You can flexibly respond to changing situations
・You have observational skills that don’t miss fine details

What’s even more wonderful is your moral integrity.
Your attitude of choosing “rightness” over profit or convenience moves people’s hearts.
You have the ability to build trust through actions, not just words.
When these qualities combine, you truly become a “trustworthy professional.”

Your value is recognized by those around you more than you think.

Weaknesses of ISTP-TL

Have you ever felt “Why am I the only one who becomes so anxious?”
Your high sensitivity might sometimes feel like a burden.
In situations where others make decisions easily, you get lost in thinking about various possibilities.
You’ve probably felt internally rushed when urged to “let’s decide already” at work.
But this isn’t a flaw—it’s the flip side of your strength called “cautiousness.”

You tend to struggle in situations like these:
・Detecting others’ emotional needs
・Making long-term life plans
・Continuously following strict rules

Also, your independent nature is sometimes misunderstood as “lacking cooperativeness.”
When team members seek emotional support, you might confuse them by offering logical solutions.
But these are challenges that can be improved.
Understanding your own characteristics will enable more effective communication.

Accepting who you are, including your weaknesses, is the first step toward growth.

ISTP-TL’s Romantic Relationship Tendencies and Improvement Strategies

ISTP-TL’s Romantic Tendencies

Have you ever felt that “it’s scary to express your feelings to someone you like”?
Your romance is like careful mountain climbing.
You want to advance step by step with certainty, but sometimes you might make the other person feel like “I can’t understand your feelings.”
When making plans for dates, you probably worry “Will they think I’m being too serious?”
However, your sincerity will definitely be conveyed to those who are truly valuable.

Your romantic patterns have these characteristics:
・You express love through actions rather than words
・You respect the other person’s independence and don’t bind them
・You seek deep connections rather than superficial relationships

In fact, once you open your heart to someone, you are surprisingly sincere and devoted.
However, during this process, you’re haunted by the anxiety “Are my feelings reaching the other person?”
You might also feel a vague fear about deepening romantic relationships.
These emotions are proof that you value the relationship deeply.

Your romance tends to become high-quality, deepening over time.

Ideal Partner Personality: 3 Traits for Lasting Love

When Romance Becomes Problematic and Improvement Strategies

Have you ever felt confused when your partner said “I don’t know what you’re thinking”?
While love fills your inner self, it’s difficult for it to surface.
You might feel frustrated, as if you’re on the other side of transparent glass.
You might hurt your partner by forgetting anniversaries, or create distance by avoiding emotional conversations.
But don’t worry. These are challenges that can be sufficiently improved.

Here are tips for improving romantic relationships:
・Express gratitude in words at least once a week
・Consciously create time to listen to your partner
・Have opportunities to talk about future dreams together

What’s especially important is not missing your partner’s emotional signals.
Start with simple words like “You look tired today” or “Is something bothering you?”
Also, gradually share your own anxieties and uncertainties with your partner.
By showing your vulnerabilities, the relationship will become deeper.

The accumulation of small efforts will enrich your romance.

MBTI & Love: All 16 Types’ Romantic Traits Explained

ISTP-TL Friendship Tendencies and Improvement Strategies

Friendship Tendencies

Don’t you feel like “I have few friends, but they’re all truly important people”?
Your friendships are carefully cultivated over time, like handmade crafts.
You probably feel more comfortable having deep conversations in quiet cafes than superficial interactions or noisy gatherings with large groups.
You might notice that you can give accurate advice when friends come to you for consultation.
Your friendships are second to none in terms of quality.

Your friendships have this beauty:
・You naturally build connections through shared hobbies
・You provide practical help when someone is in trouble
・You appropriately respect your friends’ privacy

Also, you truly respect your friends’ individuality.
You’re a valuable person who can accept differences and maintain relationships without being pushy.
However, you might have difficulty with emotional conversations or talking deeply about your inner self.
You probably tend to be too cautious when building new friendships.

Your friendships are characterized by quiet, stable, long-lasting bonds.

How Personality Type Shapes Friendship Quality & Formation

When Friendships Become Problematic and Improvement Strategies

Have you ever experienced a conversation ending awkwardly when a friend asked “How are things lately?” and you could only answer “Normal”?
Various events and emotions are swirling in your heart, yet you can’t find a way to express them.
When friends come to you with emotional consultations, you might have been thought of as “cold” for providing logical solutions.
You might also have experienced relationships fading because you didn’t contact them for long periods.
However, these problems can be improved by changing your awareness.

Here are practical ways to enrich your friendships:
・Actively ask friends about their recent situations once a month
・Practice gradually sharing your emotions and experiences
・Try participating in new communities or activities

What’s particularly important is developing an attitude of empathizing with your friends’ emotions.
Try showing empathy by saying “That must have been tough” before offering solutions.
Also, you can build deeper trust by sharing your own weaknesses and failures.
You don’t need to be perfect. There are surely people who will accept you as you are.

Gradual changes will bring new richness to your friendships.

MBTI & Friendship: 16 Types’ Tendencies & Tips

ISTP-TL Parenting Tendencies and Improvement Strategies

Parenting Tendencies

When your child asks “Why?” don’t you want to carefully explain the reasons?
Your parenting style is like an excellent craftsperson training an apprentice.
You respect your child’s autonomy and wish to develop their ability to think for themselves.
Even when stopping dangerous play, you probably want to explain why it’s dangerous rather than just saying “Don’t do that.”
Your parenting is filled with deep love and respect.

These are the characteristics of your parenting approach:
・You value your child’s individuality and interests
・You teach through hands-on experiences
・You emphasize developing logical thinking skills

Additionally, you excel at answering children’s questions honestly and nurturing their curiosity.
Because you value fairness, you will strive to treat siblings equally.
However, you may sometimes feel confused about how to handle emotional situations.
When a child is crying, you might not know what to say to them.

You are a very good parent who nurtures children’s independence.

Ideal Parent Personality Traits: What 30 Studies Reveal

When Problems Arise in Child-Rearing and Improvement Strategies

Have you ever experienced confusion about how to interact with a child when they become emotional?
While you try to solve things logically, children first want their emotions to be acknowledged.
You may have made a child cry even more by saying “Don’t cry, explain the reason.”
Also, in your effort to promote independence, you sometimes keep your distance when children want to be pampered.
But these are learnable skills. You don’t need to be a perfect parent.

Here are tips for emotionally rich child-rearing:
・When a child is crying, first give them a hug
・Put their emotions into words: “That was hard” or “You felt sad”
・Consciously create time for physical contact with your children

What’s especially important is giving names to your child’s emotions.
Speak for them by saying “You’re angry” or “You’re feeling lonely.”
Also, by moderately expressing your own emotions, you can become a model for emotional expression.
Don’t be afraid to use words like “Daddy (Mommy) is happy too” or “I was worried.”

When your honesty combines with new emotional skills, you can become a wonderful parent.

MBTI & Parenting: All 16 Types’ Strengths & Pitfalls

ISTP-TL Career Tendencies and Improvement Strategies

Career Tendencies

Have you ever thought “I want to acquire practical skills” or “I want to do work that has real value”?
Your career perspective is like having the soul of a craftsperson.
You find value in visible results and practical skills rather than abstract concepts.
When you see colleagues talking only about ideals in meetings, you probably think to yourself “How exactly are they going to implement this?”
What you seek is work that can provide real value to society.

Here are characteristics of career fields suited for you:
・Fields where you can utilize technical expertise
・Work where the results of problem-solving are clearly visible
・Environments where ethics and honesty are valued

Engineering, technical positions, and law enforcement work are particularly well-suited.
Also, due to your strong independent nature, freelancing or entrepreneurship may be in your future vision.
However, you may feel uncomfortable with long-term career planning or networking.
You tend to lose sight of the big picture because you focus too much on the work at hand.

You are a true professional who creates value through technology and honesty.

Which Personality Traits Predict Career Success? 5 Key Findings

When Problems Arise in Career and Improvement Strategies

Have you ever had trouble answering when asked “Where do you want to be in 10 years?”
While you’re good at focusing on current challenges, you’re not good at envisioning the distant future.
Even when promotion opportunities arise, you may have declined saying “Leading people isn’t for me.”
Also, while you’re interested in new technologies and environmental changes, you probably feel anxious about them too.
But these challenges can definitely be overcome with systematic effort.

Here’s practical advice for career development:
・Review your career plan twice a year and set specific goals
・Participate in communication training or leadership courses
・Find a mentor and regularly seek advice

What’s particularly important is learning how to leverage your technical strengths through interactions with people.
Develop skills to explain technical knowledge in an understandable way.
It’s also important to participate in industry networking events and expand your network.
Even if you feel anxious at first, your honesty will definitely come through to people.

By polishing both your technical abilities and interpersonal skills, your career will make great strides.

MBTI & Career: Best Jobs for All 16 Personality Types

ISTP-TL Work Tendencies and Improvement Strategies

Work Tendencies

Have you ever calmly handled an emergency situation with tight deadlines while others around you panicked?
You are like a crisis management specialist.
Even when faced with complex problems, you first organize the situation and prioritize your approach.
When colleagues are panicking saying “What should we do?”, you’re probably already thinking of solutions.
It’s in these moments that your true value is most demonstrated.

Your strengths in the workplace include:
・Quickly finding efficient and practical solutions
・Flexible responses that prioritize results over rules
・Preferring to work alone with concentration

Also, you’re a valuable person who can respond flexibly when unexpected problems arise.
Even when things don’t go according to manual, you pave the way through creativity and ingenuity.
However, you may struggle with long-term project planning or creating detailed plans.
Emotional exchanges in teams may sometimes feel burdensome.

You are a specialist who performs at your best in an independent environment.

5 Personality Traits of High Performers: 550K Study

When Problems Arise at Work and Solutions

Have you ever felt inwardly annoyed when someone said “Let’s all discuss this together” in a team meeting?
For you, long meetings and emotional discussions might feel like a waste of time.
You probably feel much more productive working quietly on your own.
However, colleagues sometimes misunderstand you as “lacking cooperation” or “disregarding teamwork.”
You might also feel resistant to the introduction of new business systems.

Here are tips for improving workplace communication:
・Actively make practical suggestions in team meetings
・Take EQ improvement training to understand colleagues’ emotions
・Practice viewing change as an opportunity for growth with a positive mindset

What’s particularly effective is finding ways to contribute your technical knowledge to the team.
Show your value through specific suggestions like “This would make things more efficient.”
It’s also important to regularly schedule feedback sessions with your supervisor and colleagues.
You need to make efforts to visualize your achievements so your contributions are properly evaluated.

By balancing individual strengths with team contributions, your workplace evaluation will improve.

MBTI & Work: All 16 Types’ Strengths, Pitfalls & Fixes

Compatible Types for ISTP-TL

Compatible Types: People with S

Don’t the people you find “easy to talk to” share something in common?
Those who match your wavelength are people who share your realistic and practical perspective.
People who can get excited about concrete experiences and practical topics rather than abstract theories.
People you can enjoy making things together with or participating in hands-on activities.
In such relationships, you can probably be your natural self.

Reasons why you’re compatible with Sensing (S) types:
・You can have realistic, down-to-earth conversations
・You can share concrete activities and experiences together
・You can understand and appreciate each other’s practical approaches

You can share adventure and action-oriented spirit especially with ESTP types.
With ISFP types, you can build quiet friendships where you respect each other’s values.
With ESTJ and ISTJ types, trusting relationships emerge through shared logical thinking and sense of responsibility.
However, with J (Judging) types, effort is needed to understand each other regarding planning.

Relationships with Sensing types bring you a sense of security and fulfillment.

Do Friends Share Personality Traits? 5 Key Findings

Compatible Types: People with L

Isn’t there someone you intuitively feel “I can trust this person”?
What you’re deeply drawn to are people who value honesty and sincerity just like you do.
People who prioritize justice over interests, and authenticity over pretense.
People with whom you feel “I can show my true self to this person.”
Such relationships are the most valuable bonds for you.

Special compatibility with Light (L) type people:
・Trusting relationships based on shared values and ethics
・Deep understanding and mutual respect for each other’s sincerity
・Ability to build genuine, authentic relationships

With ENTJ-xL types, partnerships emerge where you acknowledge each other’s abilities and sincerity.
With INFJ-xL types, you can build deep understanding and quiet trust relationships.
With ESFJ-xL and ISFJ-xL types, your practicality and their compassion beautifully complement each other.
However, regarding differences in emotional expression, mutual efforts to meet halfway are important.

Relationships with Light types will bring you deep trust and emotional stability.

MBTI Compatibility: Best Matches for All 16 Types

ISTP-TL Summary

After reading this far, were there parts where you felt “This is definitely about me”?
You are a very valuable person who combines practical problem-solving abilities with deep sincerity.
You tackle challenges efficiently with logical thinking and intuition, and gain people’s trust through honesty and sincerity.
On the other hand, you may also struggle with difficulties in emotional expression and anxiety in interpersonal relationships.
But even including those challenges, that’s what makes you who you are.

To summarize your characteristics again:
・Calm judgment and response ability in crisis situations
・Valuing freedom and independence while also respecting others
・Pursuing essential rather than superficial values

Your strengths are problem-solving abilities that bring certainty and unwavering sincerity.
The difficulty in emotional expression that you feel as a weakness is merely a skill that can be improved.
By enhancing emotional intelligence and cultivating long-term perspectives, you can become an even more balanced person.
Above all, your sincere heart will surely reach those around you and enable you to build deep trusting relationships.

Your future of understanding yourself and growing step by step will surely be wonderful.

FAQや注意点

HAXACOの結果と、16personalities（通称MBTI診断）やMBTI（本家）と結果が変わる

1. 性格は遺伝と環境の影響を受けるため、環境が変われば回答も変わります（例、疲れてると情動性が変化するなど）。遺伝について詳しくはこちら。
2. 年齢次第で回答のブレがあります。詳しくはこちら。
3. タイプ分類は各数値が3以上、3未満で行っているため、3に近い値だと、質問の聞き方やその時の環境次第で結果が変わりやすくなります。タイプよりも数値を見てください。
4. MBTI（本家）や16personalities（通称MBTI診断）は質問設計の段階でどの程度統計的な処理をしているか論文が見当たらないため不明確です。一方で、ビッグファイブやHEXACOはそういった論文が簡単に見つかりますし、今回のHEXACO-JP診断は論文ベースです。
5. MBTIや16personalitiesは普段の行動（学力・年収など）や、脳・遺伝などとの比較した研究論文があまり多くない一方で、ビッグファイブやHEXACOは数多く存在します。
6. そもそもHEXACOはビッグファイブの要素の変形なので似て非なるものです。HEXACOの正直・謙虚さは、ビッグファイブの協調性と神経症傾向から抽出されています。下記「補足」参考。

その他にもご質問があれば運営者のトキワ（@etokiwa999）までご連絡ください。

性格診断の結果はあくまで人生の「ヒント」まで

先にも書きましたが、性格は遺伝と環境の影響を受けます。遺伝の影響で、ブレ幅は一定ですが、環境次第である程度答えがブレます。

またビッグファイブやHEXACOの研究論文では学力や年収などと相関分析をしていますが、自然科学の実験ほど大きな相関係数ではありません。相関係数は最小-1、最大1ですが、だいたい-0.4～0.4ほどが多いです。もちろん高いものもあります。0.8や0.9ではなく、それに比べたら低いです。

ただそれでも様々な研究はありますので、「占い以上、自然科学未満」と思ってください。心理学や占いを100％否定しているわけではありません。

補足

16personalities（通称MBTI診断）の概要

16personalities（16タイプ性格診断）は、MBTI（Myers-Briggs Type Indicator）とビッグファイブをベースにして作られています。

厳密には16personalitiesとMBTIは別物なのです。

MBTIは、ユングの心理学的類型論を基に開発された性格診断ツールです。

16personalitiesはMBTIの4つの指標（E外向-I内向、S感覚-N直観、T思考-F感情、J判断-P知覚）を採用しつつ、アイデンティティ（AとT）という指標の追加、独自の質問項目・評価基準を設けています。

この性格診断の良いところとしては、韓国アイドルが広めたり、恋愛マッチングアプリでも使われたりするなど、とても有名で、回答数がとても多いことにあります。それを利用して分析して論文として公開すれば信頼性は高いかもしれません。

ただし、悪いところとしては、科学的な裏付けが弱いところがあります。査読付き論文の数が少ない、統計処理の方法が不明確、性格と学力・収入・脳機能・遺伝的要因などとの関連性について十分な根拠が提示されていない、などが理由です。

16personalitiesとは？科学的根拠やMBTIとの違いを解説

MBTI（本家）の概要

MBTIは性格を16タイプに分類する心理学の理論です。

そもそもMBTIとは、マイヤーズ・ブリッグス・タイプ・インジケーター（Myers-Briggs Type Indicator）の略称です。

MBTIでは、以下の4つの指標を組み合わせて性格を16タイプに分類します。

• 外向性（Extraversion）か内向性（Introversion）
• 感覚（Sensing）か直観（iNtuition）
• 思考（Thinking）か感情（Feeling）
• 判断（Judging）か知覚（Perceiving）

つまり、MBTIでは自分の性格傾向を「ISTJ」や「ENFP」などの4文字で表現するのです。

16personalitiesよりは論文は存在しますが、ビッグファイブやHEXACOほど頑健な研究結果が出ているわけではありません。

MBTIとは？16タイプ性格紹介(恋愛や仕事)・科学的根拠を解説

ビッグファイブの概要

性格心理学において最も有力な特性理論の一つが「ビッグファイブ（Big Five）」です。

ビッグファイブは、開放性、誠実性、外向性、協調性、神経症傾向の5つの特性を測定します。

また、16personalitiesやMBTIはタイプ分類（例、外向的か内向的かのどちらか）を用いるのに対して、ビッグファイブが特性を連続的な数値で評価する（例、外向性3.5）点も大きな違いです。

さらに、古くから研究されており、論文数も多く、学力や所得、脳や遺伝など、他の分野でも多くの研究が行われています。ビッグファイブの方が比較的、科学的な裏付けが強いと言えます。

ビッグファイブ(Big Five)診断とは？概要・遺伝・MBTIとの関連

MBTI・ビッグファイブ・HEXACOの相関関係

MBTIの4指標とビッグファイブの5因子には相関関係があります。

この相関を示した代表的な研究に、「The relationship between the revised NEO-Personality Inventory and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator」という論文があります。

また、MBTI（本家）とビッグファイブを参考にして作られた16personalities（通称MBTI診断）では、ビッグファイブの神経症傾向が「アイデンティティ」と呼ばれており、自信（Assertive）か、慎重（Turbulent）かで分類されています。

これらの関係をまとめたのが以下の図です。

一番右には、比較的新しい性格診断である「HEXACO（ヘキサコ）」があります。ビッグファイブに1つ指標「正直・謙虚さ」を加えて改良され、ダーク特性（倫理観）が分かるようになりました。

今回のHEXACO-JP性格診断では16personalitiesの5文字に加えて、ダークD/ライトLを付けてより詳細に分析できるようにしています。