ENTJ-AD Commander Dark Confidence: Love & Career Guide

While others around you rush to conclusions in meetings, you’re painting a bigger vision.
Do you have any experience with that?
ENTJ-AD, like masters of a grand chess game, strategize by reading many moves ahead.
However, they sometimes overlook the important piece of others’ feelings.

This article will reveal the truth about the powerful leadership hidden within you.
Even the aspect that tends to be misunderstood as “cold” is actually a hidden talent.
Are you ready to discover the potential sleeping within yourself?
Let’s explore the world of ENTJ-AD together!

Once again, personality researcher and author of Villain Encyclopedia, Tokiwa (@etokiwa999), will provide the explanation.
※We have developed the HEXACO-JP Personality Assessment! It has more scientific basis than MBTI. Tap below for details.

Overview of HEXACO

What is HEXACO

There’s a new model called “HEXACO” that allows you to understand your personality more deeply.
It reveals aspects that weren’t visible with conventional tests.
The six letters H·E·X·A·C·O express the essence of your individuality.
Each captures fundamental human characteristics.

These six elements shape who you are as a person:

• H: Honesty-Humility
• E: Emotionality
• X: eXtraversion
• A: Agreeableness
• C: Conscientiousness
• O: Openness

This model explains more deeply “why you act the way you do.”
It also includes the important element of “Honesty-Humility” which was often overlooked.
It brings to light your complex aspects that couldn’t be captured by conventional personality analysis.
It can truly be said to be the key that opens a new door to yourself.

What is HEXACO? Overview, Genetics, Diagnosis & MBTI Relations

64 Classifications by HEXACO

Your personality is divided into 64 types based on combinations of high and low levels of the 6 elements. They are expressed as follows.

• H: Honesty-Humility
  • High → Light (L: Light)
  • Low → Dark (D: Dark)
• E: Emotionality
  • High → Turbulent Type (T: Turbulence)
  • Low → Assertive Type (A: Assertiveness)
• X: eXtraversion
  • High → Extrovert Type (E: Extrovert)
  • Low → Introvert Type (I: Introvert)
• A: Agreeableness
  • High → Feeling Type (F: Feeling)
  • Low → Thinking Type (T: Thinking)
• C: Conscientiousness
  • High → (J: Judging)
  • Low → (P: Prospecting)
• O: Openness
  • High → Intuitive Type (N: iNtuitive)
  • Low → Sensor Type (S: Sensor)

By combining these, we express your individuality. Now, let’s explore the world of each type!

What is ENTJ-A (Commander・Assertive Type)?

Perhaps you’ve noticed that you remain unshaken even in difficult situations? ENTJ-A types are people with high extraversion (E), creatively rich openness (N), logic-focused thinking type (T), planned conscientiousness (J), and unwavering confidence (A). Their characteristics include:

• Natural leadership abilities
• Blueprint-like thinking power for drawing strategies
• Unwavering confidence and execution power
• Passionate approach to goals
• Power to transform pressure into energy

You are a genius at efficiently getting things done and motivating the people around you.
You combine critical thinking with innovative ideas to turn grand visions into reality.
In interactions with others, you prefer straightforward communication and value logic over emotions.
Change and challenges are things to be welcomed. You constantly strive to lead yourself and those around you in a better direction.

ENTJ-A (Commander, Assertive) Explained Scientifically

Characteristics of ENTJ-AD

Characteristic ① “Confident and Ambitious”

Have you ever thought “I’ll do it” even when others give up saying “it’s impossible”?
ENTJ-AD types are people with unwavering confidence and ambition, like climbers aiming for a mountain peak.
Even when facing difficult situations, deep in your heart you should feel “this is a chance for growth”.
Rather than being controlled by anxiety or fear, you use them as stepping stones to leap forward.
People with this type have the following characteristics:

• The power to believe in your own potential
• An attitude that turns difficulties into enjoyment
• The ability to use failures as learning data

However, sometimes your passion for achieving goals is so strong that you tend to be unscrupulous about methods.
You may prioritize results over others’ feelings.
But your overwhelming driving force and ability to take action give great inspiration to those around you.
Your confidence and ambition are truly the driving force that creates change.

Characteristic ② “Efficiency-Focused Strategist”

When discussions are going in circles at meetings, have you ever felt in your heart “there’s a more efficient way”?
ENTJ-AD types value efficiency and strategy above all else, like masterful strategic game players.
When you see wasted time or effort, you should naturally feel the urge to optimize it.
You excel at making long-term plans and finding the shortest route to your goals.
Your abilities include the following:

• The power to logically organize complex problems
• Sharp insight that sees through to the essence
• The ability to design plans looking toward the future

However, in your pursuit of efficiency, you may sometimes undervalue the “invisible element” of human emotions.
At times, you may choose somewhat forceful methods to achieve your goals.
Even so, that strategic thinking brings great value to organizations and groups.
Your efficiency-focused attitude becomes a compass that leads many people to success.

Characteristic ③ “Logic Over Emotions”

In emotionally heated discussions, have you ever calmly said “But looking at the data, this is the case”?
ENTJ-AD types tend to prioritize logic over emotions, like precise analytical machines.
You pursue the most rational choices by making decisions based on objective facts and concrete numbers.
Emotions, as uncertain elements, may feel like noise in your decision-making process.
This trait allows you to demonstrate the following strengths:

• Calm judgment even under pressure
• Consistency not swayed by emotions
• Accurate analytical power based on data

However, this logic-first attitude can sometimes create misunderstandings in relationships.
Even when someone seeks emotional support, you might instinctively offer solutions instead.
You may also make decisions that don’t mind some sacrifice for the sake of the goal.
Even so, that logical thinking power becomes a powerful weapon for solving complex issues.
Your rational approach has the power to bring order to chaotic situations.

Strengths and Weaknesses of ENTJ-AD

Strengths of ENTJ-AD

Have you ever been trusted by others who say “if I follow this person, everything will be fine”?
The strengths you possess are proof of your natural talent as a leader.
When everyone is confused in difficult situations, you naturally become the one who shows the way.
Your unwavering decisiveness and execution ability give those around you a sense of security and have a great impact.
Specifically, the following talents lie dormant within you:

• Strategic thinking that organizes complex situations
• Driving force that pushes toward high goals
• Practical ability to solve problems quickly

You constantly seek growth and never fear new challenges.
Rather, you view difficulties as whetstones to sharpen yourself and actively face them.
Your action-oriented nature and execution ability involve many people and produce great results.
Logical thinking becomes the key to untangling the threads of complex, intertwined problems.
Your strengths are the very driving force that leads organizations and groups to success.

Weaknesses of ENTJ-AD

Have you ever wondered “Why does that person think I’m cold”?
What you think of as “weaknesses” might actually just be talents that are too strong being misunderstood.
In your focus on efficiency, you may sometimes overlook the important element of others’ emotions.
It’s good to know that even when something is logically correct, there are situations where it doesn’t resonate with people’s hearts.
Tendencies to be careful of include the following:

• Tendency to prioritize goal achievement and lack consideration during the process
• Strong confidence can sometimes appear dogmatic
• May sometimes dismiss others’ opinions

In your eagerness to take the shortest path toward your goals, you may sometimes make decisions without regard for the means.
Also, because you have confidence in your own thinking, you may find it difficult to accept other people’s perspectives.
These tendencies may impact interpersonal relationships and organizational harmony.
However, these are not “flaws” but rather “strengths that need adjustment.”
By finding balance, your talents will become more accepted by many people.

ENTJ-AD’s Romantic Relationship Tendencies and Improvement Strategies

Romantic Tendencies

Even in romance, have you ever felt “I think I could grow more by being with this person”?
You take a unique approach to romance, like a life project manager.
You tend to view your relationship with your partner not as a mere exchange of emotions, but as a place for mutual growth and improvement.
You see through your partner’s potential and envision a clear vision for building a better future together.
Your romantic relationships exhibit the following characteristics:

• Confident and attractive approach
• Attitude of enjoying intellectual conversations and debates
• Perspective that values the relationship’s future potential

You naturally demonstrate leadership and try to move the relationship forward positively.
You highly value your partner’s talents and abilities, hoping to walk together toward common goals.
However, your emphasis on logical thinking may cause you to overlook the emotional connection your partner seeks.
Also, seeking too much efficiency may sometimes make you appear calculating.
Your romantic style is very unique – passionate yet strategic.

Ideal Partner Personality: 3 Traits for Lasting Love

When Romance Becomes Problematic and Improvement Strategies

Have you ever been confused when your partner said “I want you to understand my feelings more”?
When you think “I’ll solve the problem for them,” your partner might actually be feeling “I just want to be heard.”
Your logical and efficient approach may sometimes appear cold to your partner.
For improvement, the following approaches will help close the emotional distance:

• Practice “first receiving” your partner’s feelings
• Take time to ask “how do you feel” before offering solutions
• Make an effort to express your own emotions in words

Also, be careful not to unilaterally impose your thoughts and plans.
It’s important to respect your partner’s values and pace, sometimes adjusting your own rhythm to match theirs.
Furthermore, be careful not to treat your partner as a means to an end in your pursuit of goals.
To build true trust, an attitude of cherishing each other as human beings is essential.
The key to nurturing deeper love is finding the balance between utilizing your strengths while staying close to your partner’s heart.

MBTI & Love: All 16 Types’ Romantic Traits Explained

ENTJ-AD’s Friendship Tendencies and Improvement Strategies

Friendship Tendencies

In discussions with friends, don’t you sometimes want to say “But isn’t that logically inconsistent”?
Even in friendships, you take the attitude of an explorer seeking companions for mutual improvement.
You value connections with people who can provide intellectual stimulation for mutual growth and opportunities to develop together.
You tend to prefer relationships where you can progress toward common goals and engage in deep discussions rather than superficial interactions.
Your friendships exhibit the following characteristics:

• Frank communication where you can speak honestly
• Healthy competitive spirit that improves each other
• Clear purpose and meaningful exchanges

You freely exchange opinions in conversations with friends and enjoy lively debates.
You also build healthy competitive relationships with friends, encouraging each other’s growth.
However, your emphasis on logic may prevent you from noticing when friends need emotional support.
Furthermore, being too goal-oriented may sometimes cause you to view friends as part of your plans.
Your friendships are stimulating and full of growth, but may have challenges in terms of warmth.

How Personality Type Shapes Friendship Quality & Formation

When Friendships Become Problematic and Improvement Strategies

Have you ever been surprised when a friend said “Being with you is exhausting”?
What you think is “constructive discussion” might be received as “criticism” by the other person.
Your overly frank expressions and constant pursuit of improvement may sometimes put pressure on your friends.
For improvement, the following mindset will deepen your friendships:

• Create time to “listen” with empathy for your friend’s emotions
• Attitude of accepting your friend’s values and pace
• Awareness of respecting your friend as a precious person

Also, it’s important to be careful not to view friends as a means to achieve your own goals.
It’s essential to respect each other’s individuality and differences, and build relationships on equal footing.
Furthermore, rather than unilaterally imposing your own thoughts, listen seriously to the other person’s opinions as well.
Sometimes prioritizing “connection” over “correctness” allows for richer friendships to flourish.
When your intellectual charm and warm consideration are balanced, true bonds with close friends are born.

MBTI & Friendship: 16 Types’ Tendencies & Tips

ENTJ-AD Parenting Tendencies and Improvement Strategies

Parenting Tendencies

Have you ever thought about your child’s future and felt “this child has unlimited potential”?
As a parent, you approach child-rearing with the passion of a skilled coach who helps children bloom their talents.
You have an exceptionally strong interest in your child’s growth and success, and try to bring out their potential to the fullest.
You also place the highest value on helping your child develop the ability to think logically and solve problems.
Your parenting exhibits the following characteristics:

• Providing clear goals and consistent discipline
• Recognizing your child’s talents and fostering them from an early age
• Educational approach that cultivates independence and self-reliance

You set high standards for your child and strategically support their growth.
You create concrete plans to maximize your child’s abilities and put them into action.
However, by emphasizing logic and results, you may sometimes overlook your child’s emotional needs.
Also, by seeking efficiency too much, there may be situations where you don’t give enough consideration to your child’s pace and feelings.
While your parenting is passionate and growth-oriented, adjustments may be needed in terms of warmth.

Ideal Parent Personality Traits: What 30 Studies Reveal

When Problems Arise in Parenting and Improvement Strategies

Have you ever been confused when your child said “Mom (Dad) doesn’t understand my feelings”?
The high expectations you set thinking it’s “for your child’s sake” may actually be felt as heavy pressure by your child.
By emphasizing results and growth, children may sometimes feel that their “true self” is not being accepted.
For improvement, the following mindset will deepen the parent-child bond:

• Create time to accept and empathize with your child’s emotions
• Flexible goal setting that respects your child’s pace
• An attitude that values process over results

Also, it’s necessary to respect your child’s individuality and interests, and be careful not to impose your values too much.
It’s important to recognize that children have their own pace and diverse paths of growth.
Furthermore, create time that prioritizes emotional connection with your child over efficiency and results.
To nurture your child’s moral sense and compassion, it’s important for parents to first be good role models.
When your passion and love are expressed in the right balance, your child gains an environment where they can grow with peace of mind.

MBTI & Parenting: All 16 Types’ Strengths & Pitfalls

ENTJ-AD Career Tendencies and Improvement Strategies

Career Tendencies

Don’t you often find yourself relied upon at work as someone who “can handle anything when put in charge”?
In your career, you demonstrate the presence and driving force of a captain leading an organization.
Your passionate approach toward realizing high aspirations makes a strong impression on those around you.
You show your true worth especially in difficult situations and naturally prefer to take on important positions within organizations.
Your career exhibits the following characteristics:

• Strategic thinking ability to solve complex problems
• Quick, accurate decision-making and execution ability
• Learning attitude with constant desire for improvement

You maintain composure even in chaotic situations and solve challenges efficiently.
You also lead those around you with a confident attitude, contributing to improved team performance overall.
However, by emphasizing logic and efficiency, you may sometimes lack delicate consideration in human relationships.
Also, your passion for achieving goals may be so strong that you sometimes make decisions without considering the means.
While your career is full of success, there may be challenges in terms of harmony with others.

Which Personality Traits Predict Career Success? 5 Key Findings

When Problems Arise in Career and Improvement Strategies

Have you ever felt that colleagues think “that person is capable at work, but it’s tiring to work with them”?
What you think are “efficient and logical” decisions may be perceived by others as “cold and lacking consideration.”
Unilateral decisions and attitudes that disregard others’ emotions can potentially create cracks in workplace relationships.

For improvement, the following approaches will deepen trust in the workplace:

• Time to seriously listen to team members’ opinions
• Making an effort to understand others’ positions and emotions
• Practicing fair and compassionate leadership

Additionally, it’s important to maintain objectivity about yourself so that excessive confidence doesn’t lead to complacency.
Maintain humility by regularly reviewing your self-evaluation and looking for areas to improve.
Furthermore, it’s necessary to have a perspective that values long-term trust relationships over short-term results.

To build sustainable success, integrity and fairness are most important.
When your excellent abilities and consideration for others are displayed in a well-balanced way, you will earn recognition as a true leader.

MBTI & Career: Best Jobs for All 16 Personality Types

ENTJ-AD Work Tendencies and Improvement Strategies

Work Tendencies

When a project is stagnating, have you ever felt the sense of mission that “I must take action”?
In your work, you are efficient like a precision watch while possessing the driving force of a bold adventurer.
You prioritize productivity and results above all else, advancing toward high goals without hesitation.

You masterfully untangle even complex, intertwined problems using logical thinking and strategic perspective.
Your work style has the following characteristics:

• Clear goal setting and meticulous planning
• Quick, accurate decision-making and execution
• High productivity and obsession with reliable results

You confidently take on any challenge and never fear difficult tasks.
Within organizations, you naturally demonstrate leadership and guide entire teams to success.

However, in prioritizing efficiency and logic, you may sometimes overlook the invisible element of colleagues’ feelings.
Also, your passion for goals may be so strong that you occasionally forget to consider those around you.

While your work delivers overwhelming results, it also carries the challenge of maintaining harmony in human relationships.

5 Personality Traits of High Performers: 550K Study

When Problems Arise at Work and Improvement Strategies

Have you ever noticed a subtle atmosphere in team meetings when you make a proposal?
What you believe is “rational and effective” may feel like “too rushed and inconsiderate” to team members.
In pursuing efficiency, you may sometimes lack understanding of the team’s psychological safety and individual circumstances.

For improvement, the following mindset will help create better workplace relationships:

• Promoting open communication within the team
• Making an effort to understand others’ perspectives and values
• Decision-making processes that emphasize fairness and transparency

Also, it’s important to seriously listen to others’ opinions so that strong confidence doesn’t become self-centered.
By incorporating diverse perspectives, you may find better solutions.

Furthermore, place value on building long-term trust relationships rather than short-term efficiency.
The happiness and growth of the entire team are essential for building sustainable success.
When your exceptional abilities merge with consideration for others, you can become a truly respected leader.

MBTI & Work: All 16 Types’ Strengths, Pitfalls & Fixes

Compatible Types for ENTJ-AD

Compatible Types: People with N (Intuition)

Is there someone who makes you feel “I could accomplish something bigger with this person”?
You should feel a resonance like explorers gazing at the same constellation in relationships with people who have Intuition (N).
Intuitive types understand the value of your grand visions and innovative ideas.

You can also build relationships where you can talk for hours about abstract concepts and future possibilities.
Compatible types have the following attractive characteristics:

• Imaginative and creative thinking abilities
• Flexibility that welcomes new ideas
• Deep insight that views things from a long-term perspective

Particularly, relationships with INTJ (strategic thinkers) and ENFJ (charismatic people leaders) will become wonderful partnerships that elevate each other.
These types deeply understand your logical thinking and ambitious goals, and actively support them.

However, sometimes emotional care and support may be needed.
They may also gently point out your excessive aspects and help you maintain balance.
In relationships with N types, your talents resonate with each other, and remarkable growth and discovery await.

Compatible Types: People with D Traits

Have you ever met someone who you felt “truly understands my true feelings”?
In relationships with people who share the same Dark (D) tendencies, you should be able to gain deep understanding like companions speaking the same language.
D-type people will evaluate your straightforward communication style as “honest and trustworthy.”

They will also show understanding and empathy for the tough decisions and compromises necessary to achieve goals.
Compatible types share the following characteristics:

• Prefer unreserved, straightforward communication
• Realistic attitude that values results and outcomes
• Healthy competitive spirit and challenging mindset

Particularly, relationships with ESTJ-AD (Executive Manager) and INTJ-AD (Independent Strategist) will become wonderful partnerships where you can mutually recognize each other’s strengths.
These types will truly understand your efficiency-focused attitude and high goal-setting.

However, you need to be careful that mutual frankness doesn’t go too far, leading to insufficient consideration for those around you.
You also need to consciously compensate for the tendency to neglect emotional care and thoughtful attention.
In relationships with D-types, you can gain fulfillment from speaking honestly with each other and walking together toward high goals.

MBTI Compatibility: Best Matches for All 16 Types

ENTJ-AD Summary

The powerful leadership and strategic thinking sleeping within you is truly the driving force that brings transformation.
Armed with unwavering confidence and efficiency, you boldly challenge large goals that others give up on as “impossible.”
Valuing logical thinking and making calm judgments based on facts rather than emotions, you bring order even to chaotic situations.
However, due to your overwhelming talent, you may face the following challenges:

• Tendency to overlook people’s feelings due to emphasis on efficiency
• Passion for goal achievement sometimes leads to lack of consideration
• Strong convictions can sometimes appear dogmatic

These “challenges” are actually “misunderstood strengths.”
By enhancing your understanding of emotions and listening to others’ perspectives, your talents will become more accepted by many people.
Also, an attitude that values long-term trust relationships over short-term results will bring you true success.

It’s important to develop a sense of balance that values harmony with others while leveraging your inherent strengths.
Through proper self-understanding and continuous commitment to growth, you should become a true leader who is genuinely respected by those around you.

As an ENTJ-AD type, you have wonderful potential to build deep connections with others while cherishing your authentic self.

FAQや注意点

HAXACOの結果と、16personalities（通称MBTI診断）やMBTI（本家）と結果が変わる

1. 性格は遺伝と環境の影響を受けるため、環境が変われば回答も変わります（例、疲れてると情動性が変化するなど）。遺伝について詳しくはこちら。
2. 年齢次第で回答のブレがあります。詳しくはこちら。
3. タイプ分類は各数値が3以上、3未満で行っているため、3に近い値だと、質問の聞き方やその時の環境次第で結果が変わりやすくなります。タイプよりも数値を見てください。
4. MBTI（本家）や16personalities（通称MBTI診断）は質問設計の段階でどの程度統計的な処理をしているか論文が見当たらないため不明確です。一方で、ビッグファイブやHEXACOはそういった論文が簡単に見つかりますし、今回のHEXACO-JP診断は論文ベースです。
5. MBTIや16personalitiesは普段の行動（学力・年収など）や、脳・遺伝などとの比較した研究論文があまり多くない一方で、ビッグファイブやHEXACOは数多く存在します。
6. そもそもHEXACOはビッグファイブの要素の変形なので似て非なるものです。HEXACOの正直・謙虚さは、ビッグファイブの協調性と神経症傾向から抽出されています。下記「補足」参考。

その他にもご質問があれば運営者のトキワ（@etokiwa999）までご連絡ください。

性格診断の結果はあくまで人生の「ヒント」まで

先にも書きましたが、性格は遺伝と環境の影響を受けます。遺伝の影響で、ブレ幅は一定ですが、環境次第である程度答えがブレます。

またビッグファイブやHEXACOの研究論文では学力や年収などと相関分析をしていますが、自然科学の実験ほど大きな相関係数ではありません。相関係数は最小-1、最大1ですが、だいたい-0.4～0.4ほどが多いです。もちろん高いものもあります。0.8や0.9ではなく、それに比べたら低いです。

ただそれでも様々な研究はありますので、「占い以上、自然科学未満」と思ってください。心理学や占いを100％否定しているわけではありません。

補足

16personalities（通称MBTI診断）の概要

16personalities（16タイプ性格診断）は、MBTI（Myers-Briggs Type Indicator）とビッグファイブをベースにして作られています。

厳密には16personalitiesとMBTIは別物なのです。

MBTIは、ユングの心理学的類型論を基に開発された性格診断ツールです。

16personalitiesはMBTIの4つの指標（E外向-I内向、S感覚-N直観、T思考-F感情、J判断-P知覚）を採用しつつ、アイデンティティ（AとT）という指標の追加、独自の質問項目・評価基準を設けています。

この性格診断の良いところとしては、韓国アイドルが広めたり、恋愛マッチングアプリでも使われたりするなど、とても有名で、回答数がとても多いことにあります。それを利用して分析して論文として公開すれば信頼性は高いかもしれません。

ただし、悪いところとしては、科学的な裏付けが弱いところがあります。査読付き論文の数が少ない、統計処理の方法が不明確、性格と学力・収入・脳機能・遺伝的要因などとの関連性について十分な根拠が提示されていない、などが理由です。

16personalitiesとは？科学的根拠やMBTIとの違いを解説

MBTI（本家）の概要

MBTIは性格を16タイプに分類する心理学の理論です。

そもそもMBTIとは、マイヤーズ・ブリッグス・タイプ・インジケーター（Myers-Briggs Type Indicator）の略称です。

MBTIでは、以下の4つの指標を組み合わせて性格を16タイプに分類します。

• 外向性（Extraversion）か内向性（Introversion）
• 感覚（Sensing）か直観（iNtuition）
• 思考（Thinking）か感情（Feeling）
• 判断（Judging）か知覚（Perceiving）

つまり、MBTIでは自分の性格傾向を「ISTJ」や「ENFP」などの4文字で表現するのです。

16personalitiesよりは論文は存在しますが、ビッグファイブやHEXACOほど頑健な研究結果が出ているわけではありません。

MBTIとは？16タイプ性格紹介(恋愛や仕事)・科学的根拠を解説

ビッグファイブの概要

性格心理学において最も有力な特性理論の一つが「ビッグファイブ（Big Five）」です。

ビッグファイブは、開放性、誠実性、外向性、協調性、神経症傾向の5つの特性を測定します。

また、16personalitiesやMBTIはタイプ分類（例、外向的か内向的かのどちらか）を用いるのに対して、ビッグファイブが特性を連続的な数値で評価する（例、外向性3.5）点も大きな違いです。

さらに、古くから研究されており、論文数も多く、学力や所得、脳や遺伝など、他の分野でも多くの研究が行われています。ビッグファイブの方が比較的、科学的な裏付けが強いと言えます。

ビッグファイブ(Big Five)診断とは？概要・遺伝・MBTIとの関連

MBTI・ビッグファイブ・HEXACOの相関関係

MBTIの4指標とビッグファイブの5因子には相関関係があります。

この相関を示した代表的な研究に、「The relationship between the revised NEO-Personality Inventory and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator」という論文があります。

また、MBTI（本家）とビッグファイブを参考にして作られた16personalities（通称MBTI診断）では、ビッグファイブの神経症傾向が「アイデンティティ」と呼ばれており、自信（Assertive）か、慎重（Turbulent）かで分類されています。

これらの関係をまとめたのが以下の図です。

一番右には、比較的新しい性格診断である「HEXACO（ヘキサコ）」があります。ビッグファイブに1つ指標「正直・謙虚さ」を加えて改良され、ダーク特性（倫理観）が分かるようになりました。

今回のHEXACO-JP性格診断では16personalitiesの5文字に加えて、ダークD/ライトLを付けてより詳細に分析できるようにしています。